Key Strategies To Reduce Your EFC

HomeFinanceFinancial aidKey Strategies To Reduce Your EFCThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 13, 2019I have two teen boys, ages 12 and 14 (yes, your prayers are appreciated). Like most teens, they don’t always listen. Since they were very young, though, I’ve explained to them that almost every decision they make or action they take in life will have a repercussion. Some will be good, and some will be bad, but in the end, they are responsible for the repercussions of their actions. As parents, life complicates this adage significantly. Sometimes the actions we don’ttake can hurt us. To confuse things even more, sometimes we do not even realize we are at a decision point, so of course we take no action and we unknowingly miss an opportunity. The steps you need to take to minimize your EFC fall directly into this category, as you would need to take steps in your student’s sophomore year of high school or earlier to fully and effectively plan to minimize your EFC. But no matter where you are in the FAFSA filing process, I’ll give you a few ideas to lower your EFC and to increase your needs-based aid for college. Note that some or all of these concepts may not be appropriate for everybody, so please consult a qualified college financial planning expert before proceeding. Minimize Parents’ Income in Base Year In Part 1 of my explanation of how EFC is calculated, we noted that the parents’ income (after reductions for taxes and an allowance) is included in the EFC at 47% on amounts exceeding $33,100. By far, this is the biggest contributor to the EFC of most families. Since assets are assessed at only 5.64%, lowering parents’ income in the base year is 8 times more effective in lowering EFC than minimizing parental assets. But here’s the problem: the parental income that feeds your student’s FAFSA for their first year of college comes from the calendar year that spans the spring of their sophomore year to the fall of their junior year in high school (i.e., the â€Å"prior-prior† year from when college starts). The biggest inflator of your EFC is the one you likely were not even thinking about at the time.Families should try to minimize their taxable income in the sophomore-junior year, but it’s not as simple as using the tax advice from your CPA. For example, you can’t just increase your pretax contributions to retirement plans (such as 401(k)s or IRAs) to lower your taxable income as these contributions must be added back into income for the FAFSA. So FAFSA treats this situation as if you did not even make the contribution. Worst yet, remember in Part 1where we learned that you get a deduction on the FAFSA for your income taxes? After increasing your retirement deductions, your income taxes on your 1040 (and the tax deduction on the FAFSA) will be lower, which will trigger a higher EFC. Therefore, you may want to consider using a Roth 401(k) or a Roth IRA instead. Why a Roth? Since you do not get a deduction for contributing to a Roth, there is no add back on the FAFSA form. Secondly, since your taxable income is not reduced by the amount of the Roth contribution (like it is with a regular IRA or 401(k) contribution), your federal income tax (and more importantly the tax deduction on the FAFSA) will be a bit higher. Finally, Roth IRA contributions (but not the growth in the funds) can be withdrawn penalty and tax free at any time and can be used for college (see Parent’s Asset section below). You can also use a distribution from a regular IRA to pay for college and not have to pay a penalty. However, since you likely received a tax deduction when you contributed to the regular IRA, you will have to pay income taxes on the amount withdrawn, plus you will have to report this IRA distribution as income on a future FAFSA. Other non-taxable income such as municipal bond interest, child support, untaxed portions of IRA distributions (including Roth) or pension distributions must also be added back, so take any distributions prior to the base year if you can. (See the Parent’s Asset section below on how to time untaxed Roth distributions.) Parents do not need to report gifts or inheritance received as income, but the assets will be reported if still on hand when the FAFSA is filed. Here are a few other ways you can lower your income in the base year: Business owners (to an extent) can defer income and accelerate deductions in the base year. For those of you with mutual funds that generate significant capital gain distributions, consider selling these funds (prior to the base year if at a gain, in the base year if at a loss) and investing the proceeds in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) which have significantly less capital gains distributions. Defer any stock option exercises until after the base year (or exercise in the year before the base year). If you are thinking about taking that leave of absence from work, or if you need time under the Family Medical Leave Act to care for a loved one, the base year is an ideal time to take it! Student’s Income and Assets After a student’s income is reduced by taxes and a $6,570 allowance, it is assessed at 50% for inclusion in the EFC. Most students with a part-time job will not breach this allowance. However, any gifts or inheritance received or distributions from 529 plans held by those outside the immediate family (i.e., grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, etc) will need to be reported as untaxed income to the student. Do not take distributions from these 529 plans held outside the immediate family until the student’s sophomore-junior calendar year, as that income will not be reported on the student’s final FAFSA. Since student owned assets are assessed at 20% on the FAFSA (25% on CSS Profile), students can and should move assets out of their names. Instead of leaving their hard earned money in a checking or savings account, students could contribute that money into a Roth IRA (up to the lesser of their earnings or $5,500). Since retirement accounts (including Roths) are not assessed on the FAFSA, none of the money shifted will be assessed. One very positive aspect of the Roth IRA is that the student can withdraw the money contributed (but not the earnings) penalty and tax free for college at any time, but they should exercise caution. Withdrawals from the Roth will be added to the student’s income for FAFSA purposes as untaxed income, so the student should wait until at least his or her sophomore or junior year in college so that the income will not be included on their final FAFSA. Students with excessive cash should also pay off any credit card or other debts they have. If they still have cash or investments on hand, they may want to fund their own UGMA/UTMA 529 plan. Since 529s owned by any immediate family member are assessed at the parents’ 5.64% rate (instead of 20%), students can decrease their EFC more than 14% of the amounts shifted. Parents’ Assets – The Final Option Unfortunately, families that may have missed the opportunity to minimize their base year income are left with parental asset minimization as the only significant option to reduce EFC. Parents’ assets are assessed at 5.64%, and while that is much lower than the student’s asset assessment rate, many feel the assessment is not fair. After all, parents may have diligently saved for their student’s education and denied themselves vacations and other luxuries only to learn that their â€Å"reward† is to lose financial aid. While the following strategies to shift assessable assets out of the parents’ names will reduce your family’s EFC, they may not be appropriate for everybody. For example, shifting $100,000 of cash earmarked for college to the family’s mortgage will lower the EFC by $5,640, but the family may be in an unenviable liquidity crunch if the sole breadwinner loses his or her job shortly thereafter. Each family should consult a financial advisor before implementing one or more of these strategies: For households with home equity, apply for and establish a Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC) with a reputable financial institution. Keep this HELOC in place just in case you need emergency funds in case of a job loss or other cash squeeze. Pay down debt – After the HELOC is in place, parents with excess cash should pay off credit cards, car loans, or their own student loan debts. Make home improvements – Thinking of re-doing your kitchen or your master bathroom? Why don’t you speak to a contractor and pay for those improvements now? Home equity is not assessed on the FAFSA, so these improvements will not decrease your FAFSA financial aid. Even if you file the CSS profile (which does include home equity), the fair market value or assessed value of your house will not go up immediately, and if it eventually does a few years later the increase will be less than the amount of your improvements. Make gifts to grandparents (or aunts or uncles or cousins). For 2018, each individual can make gifts of up to $15,000 to any one individual without having to file a gift tax return. Therefore, a married couple could shift $30,000 to each grandparent or a total of $120,000 each year if all four grandparents are alive, and the grandparents could contribute those funds to a 529. The grandparents’ 529 money should not be used to pay for college until the student’s sophomore-junior calendar year, as these 529 distributions (from 529s not held by immediate family members) will be treated as income to the student on the FAFSA and assessed at 50%. Contribute to a Roth IRA (if you meet income limitations) or consider a non-deductible IRA contribution. Either IRA contribution will remove the assets from being assessed for financial aid purposes, but you can only contribute $5,500 (or $6,500 if you are 50 or over) per person per year. The Roth IRA rules allow you to withdraw your contributions tax and penalty free at any time, and you may be able to withdraw the earnings penalty freeif you are under 59-1/2 (but you will still owe income tax on the withdrawn earnings). Withdrawals from a regular IRA for college would be penalty free, but the portion of the withdrawal relating to income would be subject to regular income tax. Shift cash into a 529 plan if your state gives you a state tax deduction. The cash will still be assessed at FAFSA’s 5.64%, but if you get (for example) a state tax deduction at 3.07% like we get here in Pennsylvania, you narrow the impact of the FAFSA assessment. While FAFSA will assess on the 529 balance each year, using your 529 money for school in the early years (in lieu of subsidized loans or other tax credits) is often not the best strategy. Cautionary Advice for Parents Unfortunately, there are some college financial advisors out there that see the complexity of college funding as an opportunity to put a commission in their pockets by selling you an insurance product or an annuity. My colleagues have covered this area well, so I will simply refer you to a terrific article written by Troy Oninkin Forbes a few years back. Declaring Independent Status Wouldn’t it be wonderful if we could all lower our EFC by excluding the parents’ income and assets altogether! You can if the student qualifies for independent status, but qualifying for independent status is more easily said than done. The complete criteria for declaring independent status is specific and limited. If your high school student is unmarried and without children or dependents, and they are not serving on active duty in the US Armed Forces, one of the following statements must be true to claim independent status: At any time after turning 13, both parents are deceased, the student was in foster care, or the student was a ward or dependent of the court. The student has a legal guardian as determined by the court or the student was an emancipated minor. The student was homeless or self-supporting and at risk of being homeless With respect to claiming independent status, it doesn’t matter if your parents choose not to pay for your college. It also doesn’t matter if your parents do not take you as an exemption on their tax return. It also does not matter if the student is financially independent. You must answer yes to one of the ten questions listed. If your student does qualify for independent status, only the student’s income and assets are included on the FAFSA. An independent student will qualify for the simplified EFC formula (and not have to report their assets) if they meet the criteria listed on page 6 of the 2019-2020 EFC Formula Guide. For those independent students that do not qualify for the simplified formula, the student’s assets will be assessed at 20% (not 5.64%), and the asset protection allowance for those under 26 is $0. Wrap Up Hopefully you will be able to leverage a few of these ideas to squeeze a few more dollars of aid out of the system. As I noted earlier, most parents are unaware that they should be focusing on financial aid during their students’ sophomore year of high school. You can change this! Former Notre Dame Football coach Lou Holtz once said, â€Å"Life is 10 percent what happens to you and 90 percent how you deal with it.† In this spirit, forward this article on to other parents who have high school freshmen and sophomores, and make them aware that this planning opportunity awaits them.

College Essay Questions

College Essay Questions December 10, 2013 A good writer can excel writing in any medium. This years National Book Award Winner, James McBride, is a case in point. A number of folks who read our post recently about weird college essay questions  expressed to us that good writers can write well no matter the college essay question. And these folks are exactly right. A good writer is a good writer. It doesnt matter if that person writes newspaper articles or movies or fortune cookie sayings. It doesnt matter if the college essay question asks about your most significant activity or what YOLO means to you. Its your chance to show your creativity, your inner voice, your personality. Its your chance to show what makes youyou. A good writer doesnt care what the essay question is and they can often shape their answer to any question. Because thats what good writers do. It often frustrates us when parents ask what question on the Common App. is the essay weve worked on with their child addressing? Hello! Read the essay prompts for the Common App. Personal Statement again. And again. Youll notice that theres a question there that is essentially the same as every other year, one that allows you to write about whatever is important to you. If you dont see that when you read the question, read it over again. We at Ivy Coach are firm believers in the notion that a good writer can excel in writing within any medium. Heck, weve seen this put to practice. Lets take the great American author, James McBride. James is the winner of this years National Book Award in fiction for his latest New York Times bestseller The Good Lord Bird. He started off as a journalist. He then wrote a memoir about his childhood about growing up black with a Jewish mother that became so popular that its required reading in classrooms across America now. Then he started writing fiction and movies with Spike Lee. And hes now adapting one of his books, Song Yet Sung, with his producing partner, our Founders son, as a television miniseries on the Underground Railroad for FX. From journalism to non-fiction to fiction, movies, and television, James McBride has demonstrated that a good writer is a good writer irrespective of medium. The same is true of college applicants with their college admissions essays.

Horrors of a Slave Ship Essay - 853 Words

Jill Knierim The Horrors of a Slave Ship History 1301-Villarreal Due Date: 3/8/13 The article, The Horrors of a Slave Ship, is first person point of view account of the capturing of Olaudah Equiano. He tells the story of how he was captured from his home while his parents were away to be used as a slave. The article starts off with Olaudah and his sister being captured while their parents were away. They were taken into the woods, tied up, and forced to travel bound without food. After many days of traveling, Olaudah and his sister were separated. From that point he was passed around and finally landed in the hands of his first owner. His first owner was a smith and Olaudah worked in his shop. He was there for about a month†¦show more content†¦He was quickly bought again by a wealthy neighbor and her son. Under this master, Olaudah was allowed to dine at the table with them and felt that he was adopted into the family, so much so that the son would not eat until Olaudah had gotten his food because Olaudah was older. This home was great and allow ed him to forget about the hard times of a slave. Then, suddenly Olaudah was taken from this home and transported to the slave ship. Aboard the slave ship he was restrained and beaten for refusing food. All the slaves on the ship were living in very close uncomfortable quarters. Some were tied down and those that weren’t were watched very closely so they could not escape. If someone tried to jump off the boat to escape, they were severely punished and beaten. While the ship was at the coast, all the slaves on the ship were forced below deck where the smell of body odor and excrement was breathtaking. Diseases were spread among the slaves in these tight quarters and many slaves died due to the unfit conditions. Once the ship reached Barbados, everyone aboard the ship was forced ashore and into the merchant yard. Here they were sold once again. The author of this article experienced the ups and downs of being a slave and intends to inform people through this article. Olaudah told all about his different experiences of being a slave from being taken from his home while his parentsShow MoreRelatedThe Horrors of a Slave Ship1030 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Horrors of a Slave Ship,† describes in detail, the tragic experiences of Olaudah Equiano as a captive slave. Equiano suffered many sleepless nights; he was flogged and kidnapped multiple times. In the article, the author is trying to give the reader the feeling by giving details of the brutally floggings and desperation as many slaves suffocated to death as they were placed in an overcrowded deck. 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Nistories of Churches in Ipoti Ekiti Area of Ekiti -Nigeria

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHURCHES IN IPOTI ARCHDEACONRY OUR SAVIOUR’S ANGLICAN CHURCH, IPOTI – EKITI According to the history of Christianity in Nigeria, Christianity in Ipoti-Ekiti can be traced to the one that started in Badagry in 1842. It came late to Ekiti land because of Kiriji war and Ekiti Parapo war which ranged from 1877 to 1893. Hence Christianity began in Ekiti in 1893. Among those who planted Christianity in Ijero area was Pa Ogunleye who was a native of Ipoti. He was the one sent by Madam Helena Fatiregun Doherty from Lagos to Ijero, but Pa Ogunleye did not make influence on the Christianity in Ipoti. Christianity in Ipoti started in 1897 through a man named Samson Ajayi Ogbon Edun who was a native of Ipoti. This†¦show more content†¦The foundation of the present church was laid in 1981 and dedicated in 2004. LIST OF CHURCH WORKERS 1. Mr. Oye 2. Mr. John Ajayi 3. Mr. Olaniyan 4. Mr. Olusanmokun 5. Mr. Williams 6. Rev. A Amoo Elegbede - 1974 – 1981 7. Rev. S.K. Adeloye - 1981 – 1982 8. Rev. J.J. Aledare - 1982 - 1987 9. Rev. Canon S.A Fatuase - 1987 – 1988 10. Rev. S. Yemi Oke - 1988 – 1994 11. Rev. S.A Awosusi - 1994 – 1996 12. Rev. A.B.S Jegede - 1996 – 2002 13. Rev. Canon J.A.O. Ajayi - 2002 – 2003 14. Rev. Canon Mike O Oguntuase - 2003 – 2007 15. Rev. Canon T.o. Akinyemi - 2007 – 2009 16. Rev. Canon V.O. Akintoye - 2009 – 2010 17. Rev. canon S.K.O.B Akinola - 2010 - Date ST. JOHN’S ANGLICAN CHURCH, AYEGUNLE-EKITI Christianity was introduced to Ayegunle ny Pa Abraham Adeogun in the year 1897. He was supported by some people who had embraced Christianity from their places of work. Some of this people were: D.F. Inadagbo, Pa J.R. Ayegbusi, Elijah Oke, Jonathan Abe, Jacob Usikalu, Isaiah Aderaku Omikunle and Emmanuel Aladelokun Bankole. Other converts who joined them were Samuel Omoobe, Amos Adeoye, Daniel idibon, Josiah Ogunleye, Ologun Ele, Abigail Aderibise, Gabriel Adalumo, Johusa Alaka, Jacob Egbede Ajayi. In the beginning Christians were faced with persecution and were going to Ijero to worship. In 1900 the first church wasShow MoreRelatedNistories of Churches in Ipoti Ekiti Area of Ekiti -Nigeria2364 Words   |  10 PagesA BRIEF HISTORY OF CHURCHES IN IPOTI ARCHDEACONRY OUR SAVIOUR’S ANGLICAN CHURCH, IPOTI – EKITI According to the history of Christianity in Nigeria, Christianity in Ipoti-Ekiti can be traced to the one that started in Badagry in 1842. It came late to Ekiti land because of Kiriji war and Ekiti Parapo war which ranged from 1877 to 1893. Hence Christianity began in Ekiti in 1893. Among those who planted Christianity in Ijero area was Pa Ogunleye who was a native of Ipoti. He was the one sent by

The Function Of The Tragic Greek Chorus - 1295 Words

In â€Å"The Function of the Tragic Greek Chorus Theatre,† Albert Weiner, who is known for editing Hamlet: The First Quarto, 1603, explains that the Chorus in Greek drama was a troupe of actors who described and commented on the main action of the play through song, dance and recitation (205). Weiner goes on to explain that Greek tragedy began with choral performances dating back to the 5th century B.C. (205). In Weiner’s article, he pulls a quote from Chapter 18 of Aristotle’s Poetics, where Aristotle makes a crucial claim as to what the Chorus should be: â€Å"the Chorus too should be regarded as one of the actors; it should be an integral part of the whole, and share in the action† (qtd. in Weiner, 205). Aristotle goes on to say that â€Å"[the Chorus] should be a part of the whole enterprise and share in the action† (205). The more the Chorus is integrated into the play, the more it becomes more of a character. Christopher Marlowe’s Doct or Faustus, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet as well as his Macbeth’s witches all serve as a tool for play progression and representation of theme; by identifying these points, the Chorus becomes an actor in its own right. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the Chorus sets the scene by acting as the prologue to the play. It is here that the Chorus describes a â€Å"pair of star-cross’d lovers;† that by taking their lives end the feud between their families (I.Prologue. 5-6). Then the Chorus explicitly says that the two lovers and the strife between theirShow MoreRelatedThe Chorus as a Homonym 1168 Words   |  5 Pages In Jean Anouilh’s Antigone and in Euripides’s Medea the Chorus is both a tool for characterization and representation of theme; however, the ways they function in their respective plays are noticeably different. The differences in the way the Choruses function in each respective play make the name of the character  "the Chorus† a homonym, same name different meaning. The Chorus in Antigone functions to incorporate the technique of metatheatre. The purpose of metatheatre is to provide a separationRead MoreOedipus Rex1350 Words   |  6 PagesGreek Tragedy The Greek drama Oedipus Rex is clearly a tragedy. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Interestingly, even though Oedipus the King came before Poetics, Sophocles’ play illustrates Aristotle’s rules for classical drama. Oedipus the King particularly displays a tragic emotion, a tragic character, and a tragic fall. Aristotle also writes that such a drama ought to haveRead MoreEssay on The Function of the Greek Chorus1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmilestones, and popular morality. 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Instances of various types of dance, singing, and speech are some elements of a Greek chorus. â€Å"Composed of similarly costumed men, they performed on the orchestra located beneath the stage. The chorus stayed in the orchestra for

Clinging Friends free essay sample

A good friend is like a full-time emotional and moral support system, but a clinging friend is like a full-time Job. In this definition essay, the concept of a clinging friend would be defined in detail. To define a clinging friend, we first need to define the word clinging. In dictionary terms, clinging refers to a being overly dependent on somebody for emotional support. Thus, a person who clings is the one who depend upon someone else for emotional and moral support, a bit too much.The term is also seed by people for whom an overly dependent friend or relative is unwelcome. The Clinging Friend: Overly Dependent The first part of the definition of clinging friend states that he/she is an individual who is overly dependent upon someone else. Such clinging friends not only monopolize another persons time, they also limit the other persons ability to be and show his/her best, because how and with who they spend their time becomes limited. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinging Friends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This overconfidence of the clinging friend creates a physically and notionally taxing situation where his/her happiness takes precedence over the happiness of the other Individual. The Clinging Friend: Need for Emotional Support It cannot be said that a clinging friend Is necessarily a bad Influence; however, It Is an unwelcome burden for most people. A clinging friend Is one who promises to keep one company all the time, which In turn means that he/she constantly need that emotional support.So, being friends with a clinging friend Is not only emotionally draining, It Is similar to a full-time, hands-on Job. The friendship with a clinging friend Is neither honest nor pleasant, and It also not a healthy relationship. Conclusion In conclusion, It can be said that a clinging behavior result from various reasons Like possessiveness, but the primary reason behind such attitude Is over dependency and need for emotional support. Friendship Is a relation which needs equal give and take of su pport from both sides. If one person keeps on demanding emotional support without returning any, the friendship becomes a burden and a negative Influence Clinging Friends By model 984 word clinging. In dictionary terms, clinging refers to a being overly dependent on happiness of the other individual. It cannot be said that a clinging friend is necessarily a bad influence; however, it is an unwelcome burden for most people. A clinging friend is one who promises to keep one company all the time, which in turn means that he/she constantly need that emotional support.So, being friends with a clinging friend is not only emotionally raining, it is similar to a full-time, hands-on Job. The friendship with a clinging friend is neither honest nor pleasant, and it also not a healthy relationship. In conclusion, it can be said that a clinging behavior result from various reasons like possessiveness, but the primary reason behind such attitude is over dependency and need for emotional support.

A Critique of Dantes Patriotism Essay Example For Students

A Critique of Dantes Patriotism Essay Dante: A Patriot Through Inferno Patriotism is respect and devotion toward a state which brings about unity and justice. It is believed to be a positive quality. In the time of Dante, it would have been considered to be a principal quality of a person. Patriotism was held to the highest regard. In turn, the act of being unpatriotic was a serious offense. Early scholars such as Machiavelli believed unpatriotic acts or beliefs to be evil, even equivalent to the act of murder. Dante is often criticized as being unpatriotic toward his home town of Florence in his divine comedy Inferno. Although he does harshly criticize Florence, Dante remains patriotic because he is standing up against evils in the name of justice, which is a patriotic act. Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, Italy in 1265. At the time of Dantes birth, Florence was a prosperous city-state, full of greedy merchants and warring political factions. The two most influential families in Florence were the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. The Guelphs were supporters of the Pope and the Ghibellines supported the German emperor, who claimed power in Italy. In 1266, the Guelphs, with whom Dantes family was associated and aided by the French, gained power. The Ghibellines were ousted from power forever. By 1295 the Guelphs were firmly established and many of the Ghibellines were in exile. At this time the Guelphs split into two factions: the Whites and the Blacks. The White Guelphs were members of the Cerci family, and the Black Guelphs were members of the Donati family. The White faction decided to prosecute the Blacks for going to ask the Pope to intervene on their behalf. Dante was one of the White magistrates responsible for this decision. During his term Dante had to banish his own brother-in-law who was a ringleader for the Blacks. After much bloodshed the Blacks were banished from Florence. The next year the Blacks conspired with Pope Boniface VIII. Together they devised a plan to turn on the Whites and admit back the Blacks. The Blacks then tried many of the White leaders. Among them was Dante. About six hundred, including Dante, were sentenced to death if they were ever caught in Florence again. While in exile, the White Guelphs attempted to re-establish a monarchy in Italy by putting Henry of Luxemborg on the throne. Their efforts were futile. Dante was exiled in 1302 and never again returned to his home town. He would never forget the corruption that existed at the time of his exile. In his life, he would make an effort to free Florence from the evils through his writing. Dante criticizes his home town for being a place of corruption and evil. In his criticism there is hope for purification. Dante scolds Florence in the same manner that a father scolds a child. The father scolds the child out of love with the intention of making the child the best person possible. By making apparent the evils and corruption of Florence, Florence has a chance to be saved. In the Sixth Circle of Hell Dante notices sepulchers or burial vaults in which the lids have all been lifted and no guardian is watching over them (Alighieri 10.7-9). Within the Sixth Circle of Hell Dante comes upon a Florentine named Farinata degli Uberti. Farinatas first question for Dante is Who were your ancestors? (10.42). This immediately defines the strong relationship between family and politics during the time of Dante. The relationship between Dante and Farinata is one of aversion yet respect. There is certainly no love between them and Dante show this when telling of Farinatas family history. He states, If they were driven outthey still returned, both times, from every quarter; but yours were never quick to learn that art (10.49-51). Dante refers to his own family being exiled twice and both times returning to regain power. .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .postImageUrl , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:visited , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:active { border:0!important; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:active , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eating Healthy Essay He then refers to the one and only time the Ghibellines were exiled and their inability to overcome defeat. This shows the tension between them. However, Dante refers to Farinata as magnamino or great-hearted one (10.73). This is a show of Dantes respect for Farinata. He respects him for his courage in .